Norwegian version Harpans kraft

1 norwegian version

1.1 norwegian summary
1.2 norwegian burdens
1.3 norwegian variations

norwegian version

in norway ballad known villemann og magnhild , catalogued norske mellomalderballadar (nmb) no. 26 there 100 variants, although count tallies many fragmentary redactions few stanzas long.

some variants known other titles: harpespelet tvingar nykken in leiv heggstad s collection, , 2 specimens called gaute og magnild , guðmund og signelita in anthology compiled landstad (1853).

the version met in norwegian songbooks today knut liestøl , moltke moe s 32-stanza reconstructed text (1920). full translation given in heidi støa s paper (2008). resembles 22-stanza text printed gruntvig (as norwegian variant dgf 40c).

norwegian summary

the liestøl/moe ballad begins follows (the recurring burden italicized):

villemann perceives beloved magnill weeping dice cast while plaing board game (stanza 2). makes series of guesses why crying: “cry fields, or cry meadows..etc., , replies cries none of these things (3 ~ 6). cries because knows destined imminent death: fair skin lying in darkling mould (earth), yellow hair rotting in vendel s river, having fallen blide bridge sisters (7 ~ 9).

the remainder follows typical pan-scandinavian pattern, except final conclusion. hero s promise fortify bridge pillars of lead , steel, , men riding alongside her, protest of futility (10 ~ 15), horse (shod horseshoes , nails of red gold) rearing on hind legs, fall river (16 ~ 18), villemann s playing golden harp golden case, playing mounts ever more wondrous effects on nature (19 ~ 26). nykkjen (nøkken) releases one, 2 (of arms?), , pleads bring stillness waters. hero refuses, , shatters against hard stone (nykkjen han sprakk hardan stein).

the full text of version of liestøl , moltke moe s reconstructed text follows:

norwegian burdens

the liestøl/moe text villeman og magnill features 1 burden så liflig leika villemann si skjønn jomfru (so delightfully villemann played virgin fair) , echoed e.g. hans ross versions,. other variants have single burden though worded differently.

however, espland likes class villemann og magnhild type features interior refrain , final burden (in italics below):

the interior refrain , burden repeated in second , last lines of each quatrain stanza, common formula found in other ballads. precisely match refrains performed høye strand (1891-1972), recorded rolf myklebust (no). strand had learned ballad-singing tradition of singers once performed jørgen moe , sophus bugge. here de rone or rune construed spell , or wiles . earlier transcribers heard these words dragonerne (meaning dragoon or firearm-bearing type of soldier ), , contention has been made may have been transmitted form, nonsensical appears be. still, exact refrains including use of rune attested elsewhere in earlier documents, e.g. bugge s ms. of 1867 , others.

norwegian variations

the scene of tavl (board game) being played 2 not omnipresent in versions. instead, playing of gullharp hero occurs in version performed strand , recorded myklebust.

in variants, gull element seen in hero s altered name: gullmund, guldmund, gudmund, etc. hero called gaute (which close name of hero in icelandic version). , villemann may seen under different spellings: villemand, vellemand, vilemann, wallemann.

the name vendel s river ( vendels å ) occurs in liestøl , moe s version gruntvig text, may replaced other river names such vendings in variants. blide bridge ironically means blithe bridge features in danish versions well.

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