Strike called 1936 Gulf Coast maritime workers' strike

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frank hamer, circa 1920s


on october 31 strikers of maritime federation acted against array of opponents. own former leadership in international seamen s union not disowned them, , had beef gangs chasing them through street after dark since april, eagerly branded them communists. in many cases true. maritime federation confronted primary targets, shipowners, uncooperative international longshoremen s association , law enforcement had taken decidedly anti-labor position . houston police had put former texas lawman frank hamer on permanent payroll strikebreaker. hamer s installation of ring of labor informants triggered complaints national labor relations board.


in late november, offices of isu moved houston s cotton exchange building. building became scene of pickets , police arrests. strikers particularly interested in isu official named wilbur dickey, holed there, , said sharing rank-and-file member information police. on december 4 attempt flush out dickey ended dickey fatally shooting striker named johnny kane, dickey , 2 companions beaten street mob before rescue police. kane died on 15th. other known fatality alaskan striker named peter banfield, tanker seaman fatally stabbed in fight in galveston on december 9th.


two melees between strikers , houston police on 23rd , on christmas eve brought @ least 18 strikers hospitalization, , brought disapproving public attention police. many had seemed drunk. ending strike became priority incoming mayor richard fonville. appointing new police chief , eliminating special officers , fonville set conditions violence subside. strike ended -- union vote, in new york city -- on january 21, 1937.








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