Dialects Moravian dialects

1 dialects

1.1 central moravian

1.1.1 smrť kmotřička (example text)


1.2 eastern moravian
1.3 lachian dialects
1.4 bohemian-moravian dialects

dialects

while former regional dialects of bohemia have merged 1 interdialect, common czech (with small exceptions in borderlands), territory of moravia still linguistically diversified. may due absence of single moravian cultural , political centre (analogous prague in bohemia) of history, fact both of major cities—brno , olomouc—used predominantly inhabited german-speaking population. common classification distinguishes 3 major groups of moravian dialects: central moravian (hanakian), eastern moravian (moravian-slovak) , silesian (lach). typical phonological differences between moravian dialects shown below on sentence ‘put flour mill in cart’:

central moravian

an inscription on façade of prostějov castle showing poem written in hanakian dialect

central moravian dialects, or hanakian dialects (hanak dialects, haná dialects, czech: hanácké nářečí, hanáčtina), spoken in central part of moravia around znojmo, třebíč, brno, olomouc, přerov, zábřeh , Šumperk. while central moravian group traditionally contained many dialects native specific microregions, today s spoken language across central moravia moving towards unified common hanakian dialect (czech: obecná hanáčtina). features of group include

a prevalence of vowels e , é in place of i/y (ryba > reba, život > ževot), í/ý (mlýn > mlén), , ej (nedělej > nedělé).
o , ó in place of u , ou, respectively (ruka > roka, mouka > móka). extension, third person plural ending of verbs -í in standard czech, , -ej(í) or -ou in common czech, -ijó, or -ó in central moravian (prosí/prosej(í) > prosijó, hrají/hrajou > hrajijó/hrajó). instrumental ending -í replaced -ó (s naší kočkou > s našó kočkó).
the ending -a instead of -e feminine nouns , possessive adjectives retained, in slovak (e.g. naša slepica standard czech naše slepice).
the verb “to be” has 1st person singular present tense form su rather jsem.
in contrast common czech, -l on past tense verbs retained (nesl , never nes).

the dialects spoken in , around brno have seen lot of lexical influence hantec slang, jargon incorporating many german , yiddish loanwords local central moravian dialect. although 21st century slang had declined in use, vocabulary hantec still used commonly in everyday speech, example šalina instead of tramvaj “tram”, german elektrischelinie.

the hanakian dialect has literary presence. writers have written in hanakian dialect include alois , vilém mrštík, ondřej přikryl , jakub obrovský. written hanakian dialect distinguishes between wide or open ê , ô (as in rêba, rôka), , closed e , o, reflect dialects pronounce these 2 sounds differently.

smrť kmotřička (example text)

bêl jednó jeden člověk tôze chôdobné na sfětě. narodil se mô chlapeček, ale nigdo (nihdo) nechtěl mô jiť za kmotra, že bêl tôze chôdobné. otec si povidá: „milé bože, tak sô chôdobné, že mně nihdo nechce poslóžeť v té věce; veznô (vemô) si chlapca, pudô, keho potkám, teho naptám za kmotra, nepotkám-lê žádnyho, kostelnik mně přece snaď poslóži.“ Šil potkal smrť, ale nevěděl, co je za osobô; bêla pěkná ženská, jako iná ženská. ptal jô za kmotřêčkô. ona se nevêmlóvala hneď ho přêvitala kmôcháčkem, vzala chlapca na rôkê nesla ho kostela. chasnička pokřtilê jak se patři. (full text)

czech translation:

byl jednou na světě jeden velmi chudý člověk. narodil se mu chlapeček, ale nikdo mu nechtěl jít za kmotra, protože byl velmi chudý. otec si povídá: „milý bože, jsem tak chudý, že mi v té věci nikdo nechce posloužit; vezmu si chlapce, půjdu, koho potkám, toho si najmu jako kmotra, nepotkám-li nikoho, snad mi přece poslouží kostelník.“ Šel potkal smrt, ale nevěděl, co je za osobu; byla pěkná žena, jako jiná žena. požádal ji, aby šla za kmotru. ona se nevymlouvala hned ho oslovila „kmotříčku“, vzala chlapce na ruce nesla ho kostela. chasníčka pokřtili, jak se patří.

eastern moravian

a mural @ uherské hradiště railway station 2 lines of poetry written in eastern moravian dialect



a document describing ethnic composition of moravia in 1878, along moravian dialects. writing identifies wallachian dialect transitional dialect between czech , slovak, while inhabitants of moravian slovakia described slovaks.

eastern moravian dialects transitional dialects between czech , slovak. spoken in strip of land extending břeclav hodonín, kyjov, uherské hradiště, zlín , vsetín. eastern group contains 2 dialects of specific interest, moravian wallachian dialect (czech: valašské nářečí, valašština) , moravian-slovak dialect (czech: slovácké nářečí, moravská slovenština). features of eastern moravian dialects include:

the distinction between soft l , hard ł (pronounced [w]) retained (hlava, dělat = hłava, děłat). extension, final -l in past tense verbs rendered -u.
aj retained instead of ej (vejce = vajco, dej = daj).
in contrast common czech, -ý- prevails on -ej- (dobrý, strýc , never dobrej, strejc).
infinitives end in -ť rather -t, in slovak (být = býť)
the moravian-slovak dialect shares several other features slovak, including use of long ĺ , ŕ (hloubka = hĺbka, hrnout = ohŕňat).
wallachian dialects preserve present transgressive, considered archaic in standard czech aside in few arbitrary phrases.

lachian dialects

lachian dialects (lach dialects, czech: lašské nářečí, laština), spoken in north-eastern moravia , adjacent regions of silesia around opava, ostrava, frýdek-místek , frenštát pod radhoštěm, transitional dialects sharing more features of polish. defining phonological features include loss of distinction between long , short vowels, feature colloquially known “krátký zobák” in czech (“short beak”), stress shifted penultimate syllable of word, in polish, rather first syllable, alveolar consonants d, t , n shifted palatal counterparts, , distinction between “hard” (post-alveolar or retroflex) š, ž, č , “soft” (alveolo-palatal) ś, ź, ć, in polish. silesian dialects contain many german loanwords unfamiliar other czech dialects. lachian dialects closely related cieszyn silesian dialect, spoken in area around karviná, Český těšín , třinec on polish side of border.

bohemian-moravian dialects

bohemian-moravian dialects, or south-eastern bohemian dialects, spoken in bohemian-moravian highlands in western moravia around dačice, jihlava , Žďár nad sázavou transitional group between dialects of bohemia , moravia, sharing features in common common czech , others more in common central moravian.