Academic research Washington Redskins name controversy

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chief zee other fans


native americans opposed mascots point oversimplification of culture fans playing indian no understanding of deeper meaning of feathers, face paint, chants, , dancing. richard lapchick, director emeritus of northeastern university s center study of sport in society, wrote: imagine people mocking african americans in black face @ game? yet go game there team indian name , see fans war paint on faces. not equivalent black face? unofficial mascot of redskins team zema williams (aka chief zee), african american man attended games 38 years beginning in 1978 dressed in red faux indian costume, complete feathered war bonnet , rubber tomahawk. other fans dress in similar costumes games.


in report published center american progress summarizing research on real impact of native mascots , team names on american indian , alaska native youth , case made public debate misses point, since individual opinions on either side not matter given measurable effects on mental health of native american young people exposed such misrepresentations of ethnic identity, , hostile or insulting behavior of non-natives occur when teams such names , mascots play. clinical psychologist michael friedman writes use of native imagery, in particular use of dictionary defined slur, form of bullying, negative impact of magnified being officially sanctioned.


the majority of scholars argue use of stereotype, whether positive or negative, hindrance advancement of targeted group. national organizations representing several academic disciplines, after reviewing research done on issue, have passed resolutions calling end of native american mascots , images in sports. these include society of indian psychologists (1999), american counseling association (2001), american psychological association (2005), american sociological association (2007). , american anthropological association (2015). executive board of nation s leading organization of scholars of u.s. history approved resolution in april 2015: organization of american historians hereby adds voice growing demands native american organizations, our sister disciplines, , conscientious people of ethnic backgrounds, change name , logo of washington redskins .








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