Bacteria Universal stress protein

this schematic shows generalised bacterial response environmental stress. in case, depicts increased levels of nitric oxide stimulates usp gene transcription. results in anti-stress response cell may or may not include responses listed within diagram.

the induction of usp proteins have been implicated in transitions not in metabolism or growth in changes in colonies entire phenotype. bacterial colonies can produce formations known biofilms. zhang , colleagues demonstrated usps may involved in promotion of intertidal biofilms. observed during stressful conditions involving metal ions , oxidative stresses biofilm phenotype form. upon analysis of these biofilms, seen there upregulated level of uspa zhang suggests, may involved induction of biofilm formation. thought uspa may involved in signalling processes upregulate genes involved biofilm production. findings such these, s beginning accepted usps acting using extremely wide range of mechanisms ensure cell survival.

regulation

in bacteria, usp genes can regulated sigma factors within rna polymerases. includes sigma factor σ70 through binding single promoter region, upregulates transcription of uspa in bacteria. genes regulated in monocistronic fashion. additionally, uspa, uspc, uspd , uspe on induced during stationary phase through regulation of reca. reca known involvement in repair of dna via homologous recombination following damage. consequently, 4 usp domain genes thought mediating management or protection of dna. whatever mechanism exhibited proteins, 1 thing can concluded usp domains crucial survival of many bacterial species. gomes et al. found uspa deletions in listeria severely impaired survival listeria’s stress response in vitro , in vivo.

usp domain genes regulated number of proteins involved growth, dna repair , cell division. notable positive regulation occurs via action of ppgpp, reca , ftsz dependent regulatory pathways. usp domain genes under negative control of fadr.