Decline Sennar (sultanate)

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sennar @ peak @ end of 16th century, during 17th century began decline power of monarchy eroded. greatest challenge authority of king merchant funded ulema insisted rightfully duty mete out justice.


in 1762, badi iv overthrown in coup launched abu likayik of red hamaj northeast of country. abu likayik installed member of royal family puppet sultan , ruled regent. began long conflict between funj sultans attempting reassert independence , authority , hamaj regents attempting maintain control of true power of state.


these internal divisions weakened state , in late 18th century mek adlan ii, son of mek taifara, took power during turbulent time @ turkish presence being established in funj kingdom. turkish ruler, al-tahir agha, married khadeeja, daughter of mek adlan ii. paved way assimilation of funj ottoman empire.


in 1821, ismail bin muhammad ali, general , son of nominally ottoman khedive of egypt, muhammad ali pasha, led army sennar; encountered no resistance last king, realm promptly absorbed ottoman egypt. region subsequently absorbed anglo-egyptian sudan , independent republic of sudan on country s independence in 1956.


the autonomy of provincial vassals, merchant communities, , ulama , peasant clients subverted power of funj sultanate. after long , fitful history, funj kingdom disintegrated in 18th century. system of marriage alliances , princely hostages on power of state depended on broke down; local dynasties became autonomous. funj kingdom brought end egyptian conquest. muhammad ali pasha, ruler of egypt, established government of egyptian , turkish officers based in new city of khartoum exact tribute in slaves egyptian army. egyptians created counter-relgious elite indigineous ulama setting hierarchy of qadis , muftis , new court system, , educating young sudanese scholars @ al-azhar in cairo.








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