Culture Austria

1 culture

1.1 music
1.2 art , architecture
1.3 cinema , theatre
1.4 science , philosophy
1.5 literature
1.6 food , beverages
1.7 sports

culture

music


wolfgang amadeus mozart (1756–1791)

austria s past european power , cultural environment generated broad contribution various forms of art, notably among them music. austria birthplace of many famous composers such joseph haydn, michael haydn, franz liszt, franz schubert, anton bruckner, johann strauss, sr. , johann strauss, jr. members of second viennese school such arnold schoenberg, anton webern , alban berg. wolfgang amadeus mozart born in salzburg, independent church principality of holy roman empire, later became part of austria, , of mozart s career spent in vienna.

world-famous vienna state opera

vienna long time important centre of musical innovation. 18th- , 19th-century composers drawn city due patronage of habsburgs, , made vienna european capital of classical music. during baroque period, slavic , hungarian folk forms influenced austrian music.

vienna s status began rise cultural centre in 16th century, , focused around instruments, including lute. ludwig van beethoven spent better part of life in vienna. austria s current national anthem, attributed mozart, chosen after world war ii replace traditional austrian anthem joseph haydn.

austrian herbert von karajan principal conductor of berlin philharmonic 35 years. regarded 1 of greatest conductors of 20th century, , dominant figure in european classical music 1960s until death.

art , architecture


the belvedere palace, example of baroque architecture

among austrian artists , architects 1 can find painters ferdinand georg waldmüller, rudolf von alt, hans makart, gustav klimt, oskar kokoschka, egon schiele, carl moll, , friedensreich hundertwasser, photographers inge morath , ernst haas, , architects johann bernhard fischer von erlach, otto wagner, adolf loos, , hans hollein (recipient of 1985 pritzker architecture prize). contemporary artist herbert brandl.

cinema , theatre

sascha kolowrat austrian pioneer of filmmaking. billy wilder, fritz lang, josef von sternberg, , fred zinnemann came austria before establishing internationally relevant movie makers. willi forst, ernst marischka, or franz antel enriched popular cinema in german language speaking countries. michael haneke became internationally known disturbing cinematic studies, before receiving golden globe critically acclaimed film white ribbon in 2010.

the first austrian film director receive academy award stefan ruzowitzky. number of austrian actors able pursue career, impact of sensed beyond national borders. among them peter lorre, helmut berger, curd jürgens, senta berger, oskar werner, , klaus maria brandauer. hedy lamarr , arnold schwarzenegger became american international movie stars. latter became 38th governor of california. christoph waltz rose international fame performance in inglourious basterds, earning best actor award @ cannes in 2009, , academy award best supporting actor in 2010 , 2 oscars. max reinhardt master of spectacular , astute theatre productions. otto schenk not excelled stage actor, opera director.

science , philosophy


sigmund freud founder of psychoanalysis

austria cradle of numerous scientists international reputation. among them ludwig boltzmann, ernst mach, victor franz hess , christian doppler, prominent scientists in 19th century. in 20th century, contributions lise meitner, erwin schrödinger , wolfgang pauli nuclear research , quantum mechanics key these areas development during 1920s , 1930s. present-day quantum physicist anton zeilinger, noted first scientist demonstrate quantum teleportation.

in addition physicists, austria birthplace of 2 of noteworthy philosophers of 20th century, ludwig wittgenstein , karl popper. in addition them, biologists gregor mendel , konrad lorenz mathematician kurt gödel , engineers such ferdinand porsche , siegfried marcus austrians.

a focus of austrian science has been medicine , psychology, starting in medieval times paracelsus. eminent physicians theodore billroth, clemens von pirquet, , anton von eiselsberg have built upon achievements of 19th century vienna school of medicine. austria home sigmund freud, founder of psychoanalysis, alfred adler, founder of individual psychology, psychologists paul watzlawick , hans asperger, , psychiatrist viktor frankl.

the austrian school of economics, prominent 1 of main competitive directions economic theory, related austrian economists carl menger, joseph schumpeter, eugen von böhm-bawerk, ludwig von mises, , friedrich hayek. other noteworthy austrian-born émigrés include management thinker peter drucker, sociologist paul felix lazarsfeld , scientist sir gustav nossal.

literature

complementing status land of artists , scientists, austria has been country of poets, writers, , novelists. home of novelists arthur schnitzler, stefan zweig, thomas bernhard, , robert musil, of poets georg trakl, franz werfel, franz grillparzer, rainer maria rilke, adalbert stifter, karl kraus , children s author eva ibbotson.

famous contemporary playwrights , novelists nobel prize winner elfriede jelinek, peter handke , daniel kehlmann.

food , beverages

austria s cuisine derived of austro-hungarian empire. austrian cuisine tradition of royal-cuisine ( hofküche ) delivered on centuries. famous well-balanced variations of beef , pork , countless variations of vegetables. there mehlspeisen bakery, created particular delicacies such sachertorte, krapfen doughnuts filled apricot jam or custard, , strudel such apfelstrudel filled apple, topfenstrudel filled type of cheese curd called topfen , , millirahmstrudel (milk-cream strudel).

in addition native regional traditions, cuisine has been influenced hungarian, bohemia czech, jewish, italian, balkan , french cuisine, both dishes , methods of food preparation have been borrowed. austrian cuisine therefore 1 of multicultural , transcultural in europe.

wiener schnitzel

typical austrian dishes include wiener schnitzel, schweinsbraten, kaiserschmarren, knödel, sachertorte , tafelspitz. there kärntner kasnudeln, pockets of dough filled topfen, potatoes, herbs , peppermint boiled , served butter sauce. kasnudeln traditionally served salad. eierschwammerl dishes popular. sugar block dispenser pez invented in austria, mannerschnitten. austria famous mozartkugeln , coffee tradition.

beer sold in 0.2 litre (a pfiff), 0.3 litre (a seidel, kleines bier or glas bier) , 0.5 litre (a krügerl or großes bier or halbe) measures. @ festivals 1 litre maß , 2 litre doppelmaß in bavarian style dispensed. popular types of beer lager (known märzen in austria), naturally cloudy zwicklbier , wheat beer. @ holidays christmas , easter bock beer available.

the important wine-producing areas in lower austria, burgenland, styria , vienna. grüner veltliner grape provides of austria s notable white wines , zweigelt planted red wine grape.

in upper austria, lower austria, styria , carinthia, most, type of cider or perry produced.

schnapps of typically 60% alcohol or fruit brandy drunk, in austria made variety of fruits, example apricots , rowanberries. produce of small private schnapps distilleries, of there around 20,000 in austria, known selbstgebrannter or hausbrand.

local soft drinks such almdudler popular around country alternative alcoholic beverages. popular drink so-called spetzi , mix between coca-cola , original formula of orange fanta or more locally renowned frucade. red bull, highest-selling energy drink in world, invented in austria.

sports


innsbruck hosted 1964 , 1976 winter olympics, 2012 winter youth olympics, first in history

due mountainous terrain, alpine skiing prominent sport in austria , extremely valuable in promotion , economic growth of country. similar sports such snowboarding or ski-jumping popular. austrian athletes such annemarie moser-pröll, franz klammer, hermann maier, toni sailer, benjamin raich, marlies schild & marcel hirscher regarded of greatest alpine skiers of time, armin kogler, andreas felder, ernst vettori, andreas goldberger, andreas widhölzl, thomas morgenstern & gregor schlierenzauer of greatest ski jumpers of time. bobsleigh, luge, , skeleton popular events permanent track located in igls, hosted bobsleigh , luge competitions 1964 , 1976 winter olympics held in innsbruck. first winter youth olympics in 2012 held in innsbruck well.

ski racer franz klammer won gold medal @ 1976 winter olympics in innsbruck

a popular team sport in austria football, governed austrian football association. austria among successful football playing nations on european continent placing 4th @ 1934 fifa world cup, 3rd @ 1954 fifa world cup , 7th @ 1978 fifa world cup. however, austrian football has not been internationally successful. co-hosted 2008 uefa european football championship switzerland. national austrian football league austrian bundesliga, includes teams such record-champions sk rapid wien, fk austria wien, red bull salzburg , sturm graz.

besides football, austria has professional national leagues major team sports, including austrian hockey league ice hockey, , Österreichische basketball bundesliga basketball. horseback riding popular; famed spanish riding school of vienna located in vienna.

niki lauda former formula 1 driver 3 times f1 world champion, winning in 1975, 1977 , 1984. driver have been champion both ferrari , mclaren, sport s 2 successful constructors. other known austrian f1 drivers example gerhard berger , jochen rindt. austria hosts f1 races (austrian grand prix); held @ red bull ring, in past @ Österreichring , zeltweg airfield.

thomas muster former tennis player , 1 of greatest clay courters of time. won 1995 french open , in 1996 ranked number 1 in atp ranking. other known austrian tennis players example horst skoff, jürgen melzer , dominic thiem.

sport played significant role in developing national consciousness , boosting national self-confidence in years of second republic after world war ii, through events such tour of austria cycle race , through sporting successes such national football team s run third @ 1954 world cup , performances of toni sailer , rest of kitzbühel miracle team in 1950s.