Dutch East Indies Evolution of the Dutch Empire

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dutch east indies comprised , formed basis of later indonesia. first dutch conquests made among portuguese trading posts in maluku spice islands in 1605. spice islands out of way dutch trade routes china , japan, jayakarta on java captured , fortified in 1619. batavia , became asian headquarters of east india company (voc). company administered islands directly on for-profit model restricted of attention java, southern sumatra, , bangka. english incursions curtailed 1623 amboyna massacre attack left bad blood , prompted series of anglo-dutch wars. company , territories nationalized during napoleonic wars after british attacks bankrupted it. during 19th , 20th centuries, dutch expanded throughout archipelago. following 1940 german occupation of netherlands , 1942 japanese occupation of indonesia during world war ii, indonesian independence declared in august 1945 , – following prolonged revolution – recognized in december 1949.


dutch new guinea retained separately until 1962, when transferred indonesia under pressure united states amid escalation of vietnam war.







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