Signs and symptoms Gilbert's syndrome

1 signs , symptoms

1.1 jaundice
1.2 detoxification of drugs
1.3 cardiovascular effects
1.4 other

signs , symptoms
jaundice

gilbert s syndrome produces elevated level of unconjugated bilirubin in bloodstream, has no serious consequences. mild jaundice may appear under conditions of exertion, stress, fasting, , infections, condition otherwise asymptomatic. severe cases seen yellowing of skin tone , yellowing of sclera in eye.

gs has been reported possibly contribute accelerated onset of neonatal jaundice, in presence of increased red blood cell destruction due diseases such g6pd deficiency. situation can dangerous if not treated, high bilirubin causes irreversible neurological disability in form of kernicterus.

detoxification of drugs

the enzymes defective in gs - udp glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide a1 (ugt1a1) - responsible of liver s ability detoxify drugs. example, gilbert s syndrome associated severe diarrhea , neutropenia in patients treated irinotecan, metabolized ugt1a1.

while paracetamol (acetaminophen) not metabolized ugt1a1, metabolized 1 of other enzymes deficient in people gs. subset of people gs may have increased risk of paracetamol toxicity.

cardiovascular effects

several analyses have found decreased risk of coronary artery disease (cad) in individuals gs.

specifically, people mildly elevated levels of bilirubin (1.1 mg/dl 2.7 mg/dl) @ lower risk cad , @ lower risk future heart disease. these researchers went on perform meta-analysis of data available 2002, , confirmed incidence of atherosclerotic disease (hardening of arteries) in subjects gs had close , inverse relationship serum bilirubin. beneficial effect attributed bilirubin ixα recognized potent antioxidant, rather confounding factors such high-density lipoprotein levels.

this association seen in long-term data framingham heart study. moderately elevated levels of bilirubin in people gs , (ta)7/(ta)7 genotype associated one-third risk both coronary heart disease , cardiovascular disease compared (ta)6/(ta)6 genotype (i.e. normal, nonmutated gene locus).

platelet counts , mpv decreased in patients gilbert s syndrome. elevated levels of bilirubin , decreasing levels of mpv , crp in gilbert s syndrome patients may have effect on slowing down of atherosclerotic process.

other

symptoms, whether connected or not gs, have been reported in subset of affected: feeling tired time (fatigue), difficulty maintaining concentration, unusual patterns of anxiety, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, loss of weight, itching (with no rash), , others, scientific studies found no clear pattern of adverse symptoms related elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin in adults. however, other substances glucuronidized affected enzymes in gilbert s syndrome sufferers theoretically, @ toxic levels, cause these symptoms. consequently, debate exists whether gs should classified disease. however, gilbert s syndrome has been linked increased risk of gallstones.