South America Evolution of the Dutch Empire

1 south america

1.1 suriname
1.2 guyana
1.3 new holland (brazil)
1.4 colombia
1.5 chile

south america

suriname

suriname (surinam) colonized english captured francis willoughby on 26 february 1667 during second anglo-dutch war. under terms of treaties of breda , westminster, british accepted loss of suriname s sugar plantations in exchange receiving new netherland (thereafter new york ) in north america. slavery abolished in 1873, following decade-long transition period. suriname remained dutch colony until german occupation of netherlands during world war ii, during importance of aluminum mines prompted occupation american troops. after war, suriname returned dutch rule promoted constituent country of kingdom of netherlands in 1954. granted full independence in 1975.

guyana

pomeroon established on eponymous river in 1581 , destroyed natives , spaniards around 1596. original colonists fled ruins of old portuguese settlement on island of kyk-over-al in essequibo river , established new zeeland (nova zeelandia). after new fort established in 1616, colony became known essquibo (essequebo). in similar fashion, settlements along berbice river became known berbice in 1627 , others along demerara river became demerara (demerary) in 1745. pomeroon briefly refounded in 1650 destroyed french pirates in 1689; later settlements considered part of other 3 colonies. berbice occupied french in 1712 during war of spanish succession. site of major slave uprising under cuffy in 1763 , 64.

all 3 repeatedly captured british, being ceded @ close of napoleonic wars , reformed demerara-essequibo , berbice , united british guiana.

new holland (brazil)

new holland (nieuw-holland) comprised territories captured iberian union in northern , northeastern brazil, held between 1630 , 1654, , claimed until 1661 treaty of hague. conquest culmination of grand design , plan west india company control sugar trade seizing rich brazilian plantations , african slave ports necessary resupply labor force. 1624 attempt held brazilian capital of salvador da bahia year failed in africa , yielded combined luso-spanish force. battle of matanzas bay provided west india company huge windfall of spanish silver, used renew plan. @ height, new holland spread sergipe maranhão. governor maurits managed colony years but, upon recall netherlands in 1643, portuguese planters began long campaign against successors. struggle against dutch later considered formative later brazilian independence. newly independent, portugal agreed pay netherlands 4 million reais (63 metric tons of gold) abandoning claims territory.

colombia

santa marta (1630)

chile

brouwershaven short-lived settlement on site of valdivia in chile. dutch governor of east indies hendrik brouwer had learnt spanish had abandoned city , resigned post capture presumed gold mines , strategic importance in providing base attacks on viceroyalty of peru. destroyed fort carelmapu , town of castro died before reaching objective. lieutenant elias herckman captured town , named former commander, abandoned site within few months owing lack of gold , abundance of hostile natives.