Old Testament prefigurings Eucharist in the Catholic Church

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the speculum humane salvationis contains illustrations of related scenes old , new testament


saint thomas aquinas taught obvious old testament prefiguring of sign aspect of eucharist action of melchizedek in genesis 14:18, old testament sacrifices, of day of atonement, prefigured content of sacrament, namely christ himself sacrificed us, , manna special prefiguration of effect of sacrament grace; said paschal lamb outstanding type or figure of eucharist under 3 aspects of sign, content , effect.



the reverence moses showed before burning bush on mt. sinai equated adoration of shepherds , priest celebrating sacrifice of mass.


concerning first of old testament prefigurations aquinas mentioned, melchizedek s action in bringing out bread , wine abraham has been seen, time of clement of alexandria (c.150 - c. 215), foreshadowing of bread , wine used in sacrament of eucharist, , church sees in gesture of king-priest melchizedek, brought out bread , wine , prefiguring of own offering (in eucharist).


the second prefiguration mentioned aquinas of old testament sacrifices, on day of atonement. other theologians see these foreshadowing eucharist. point out jesus himself said, committed apostles divine eucharist during last supper, blood of new testament, shed many remission of sins .


the manna fed israelites in wilderness seen symbol of eucharist. connection between sign , eucharist seen having been made both in john 6 , in version of lord s prayer in gospel of luke: version in gospel of matthew speaks of epiousios bread, lucan version speaks of bread each day , interpreted reminiscence of exodus 16:19-21, recounts manna gathered in amounts sufficient single day. saint ambrose saw eucharist prefigured both manna provided food , water rock gave drink israelites.


the ritual of passover night described in exodus contains 2 main physical elements: sacrificial lamb male , without blemish , unleavened bread (exodus 12:1-10). in addition ritual passover night itself, exodus prescribed perpetual institution associated passover celebrated feasts of unleavened bread (exodus 12:14-20). new testament book of 1 corinthians represents passover in terms of christ: ... our paschal lamb, christ, has been sacrificed. therefore let celebrate feast, not old yeast, yeast of malice , wickedness, unleavened bread of sincerity , truth. (1 corinthians 5:7-8 christ new lamb, , eucharist new bread of passover.


among many proscription of old testament law affirm covenant, 1 stands out, being called sacred among various oblations lord  : sacrifice of bread anointed oil. regularly on each sabbath day bread shall set out afresh before lord, offered on part of israelites everlasting agreement. (leviticus 24:5-9) since time of origen, theologians have seen showbread prefiguring of eucharist described in luke 22:19.








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